Rock County is located in southern Wisconsin, bordering Illinois to the south and nestled between Dane County and Walworth County. Established in 1836, it is named after the Rock River, which flows through the county, playing a significant role in the area’s early development. With an area of 726 square miles, Rock County is known for its rich agricultural lands, thriving industrial base, and scenic landscapes. The county has a population of approximately 160,000 residents, making it one of the more populated counties in Wisconsin.
Rock County is home to several cities and towns, including Janesville, the county seat, and Beloit, which together anchor the region’s economy. Smaller towns like Milton, Evansville, and Edgerton contribute to the county’s character with their historical significance and charm. Rock County’s economy has traditionally been supported by manufacturing, agriculture, and education, with a growing emphasis on commerce and health care. The county also boasts a number of recreational opportunities, including parks, trails, and cultural attractions.
Cities and Towns in Rock County
Janesville
Overview of Geography and History
Janesville is the county seat and largest city in Rock County, located along the Rock River. Founded in 1835 by settlers from New York, Janesville quickly developed into a thriving agricultural and industrial hub. It earned the nickname “Wisconsin’s Park Place” due to its extensive park system, which includes over 2,500 acres of parkland. Janesville played a critical role in the development of Wisconsin’s agricultural and manufacturing sectors, particularly in the production of farm equipment and automobiles. The General Motors assembly plant was a major employer until its closure in 2008.
Today, Janesville is a bustling city with a diverse economy that includes manufacturing, health care, and education. The city is home to several historic districts and offers a blend of urban amenities and outdoor recreation. With its location on the Rock River, Janesville offers plenty of opportunities for water-based activities and is known for its beautiful public parks.
City Facts
- Nickname: “Wisconsin’s Park Place”
- Area: 34.96 square miles
- Population: Approximately 64,000
- Elevation: 801 feet
- Time zone: Central Time (CT)
- ZIP Codes: 53545, 53546, 53548
- Area code: 608
Transportation
Janesville is located along Interstate 90, providing easy access to Madison, Milwaukee, and Chicago. U.S. Highways 14 and 51 also run through the city, connecting it to other parts of Wisconsin and Illinois. The city is served by the Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport, which offers general aviation services, while the nearest major commercial airport is Dane County Regional Airport in Madison, about 40 miles away. Janesville Transit System provides local bus services, and the city is also part of the larger regional bus network with connections to neighboring cities.
Famous Landmarks
- Rotary Botanical Gardens: A 20-acre botanical garden featuring themed gardens and walking paths.
- Lincoln-Tallman House: A historic house museum showcasing Victorian life and President Lincoln’s visit.
Beloit
Overview of Geography and History
Beloit is a city located in the southern part of Rock County, along the Wisconsin-Illinois border. Founded in 1836, Beloit developed as a river town on the banks of the Rock River. Its early growth was driven by manufacturing and industry, with the establishment of mills, factories, and railroads. Beloit is home to Beloit College, one of the oldest private liberal arts colleges in Wisconsin, founded in 1846. Over the years, the city has transitioned from an industrial economy to one that includes education, health care, and advanced manufacturing.
Beloit has experienced significant revitalization in recent years, particularly in its downtown area, where historic buildings have been restored, and new businesses have opened. The city’s riverfront has also been transformed into a destination for recreation and events. Beloit is known for its strong sense of community, cultural festivals, and historic charm.
City Facts
- Nickname: “Gateway to Wisconsin”
- Area: 17.7 square miles
- Population: Approximately 37,000
- Elevation: 751 feet
- Time zone: Central Time (CT)
- ZIP Codes: 53511
- Area code: 608
Transportation
Beloit is strategically located along Interstate 90, providing direct access to Madison, Milwaukee, and Chicago. U.S. Highway 51 and Wisconsin State Highways 81 and 213 also run through the city, making it a regional transportation hub. The city is served by the Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport for general aviation, while Chicago Rockford International Airport, located about 30 miles south in Illinois, provides commercial air service. Beloit Transit offers local bus services, with connections to neighboring communities.
Famous Landmarks
- Beloit College: A historic liberal arts college with a scenic campus along the Rock River.
- Logan Museum of Anthropology: A museum featuring exhibits on global cultures and history.
Milton
Overview of Geography and History
Milton is a small city located just northeast of Janesville. It was founded in 1838 by Joseph Goodrich, who established the town as a stop along the Underground Railroad, providing shelter for runaway slaves. The city is known for its rich history, including the Milton House, a National Historic Landmark that served as a station on the Underground Railroad. Milton’s early growth was supported by agriculture and manufacturing, with the arrival of the railroad helping the town expand.
Today, Milton retains its small-town charm while offering modern amenities. The city is a mix of residential neighborhoods, local businesses, and historical sites, attracting visitors interested in its past. With several parks and proximity to Janesville, Milton is a desirable place to live for those who appreciate a quieter lifestyle while being close to larger urban centers.
City Facts
- Nickname: “Historic Crossroads”
- Area: 4.4 square miles
- Population: Approximately 5,500
- Elevation: 883 feet
- Time zone: Central Time (CT)
- ZIP Codes: 53563
- Area code: 608
Transportation
Milton is located near U.S. Highway 26, providing direct access to Janesville and other neighboring cities. The city is also close to Interstate 39/90, making it easy to reach larger cities like Madison and Chicago. General aviation services are available at Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport, located nearby in Janesville. Public transportation options are limited, but the city’s road network ensures easy travel to surrounding communities.
Famous Landmarks
- Milton House Museum: A National Historic Landmark and former Underground Railroad stop.
- Northleaf Winery: A local winery offering tours, tastings, and events.
Edgerton
Overview of Geography and History
Edgerton is a small city located in the northwestern part of Rock County. Founded in 1836, Edgerton was originally known as “Tobacco City” due to its prominence in Wisconsin’s tobacco industry. The rich farmland around Edgerton supported the growth of tobacco, which became the city’s primary economic driver throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although the tobacco industry has since declined, Edgerton’s historical connection to the crop is still evident in its architecture and culture.
Today, Edgerton is a quiet residential community with a focus on small businesses, agriculture, and outdoor recreation. The city is known for its annual Tobacco Heritage Days festival, which celebrates its agricultural history. With access to Lake Koshkonong and the Rock River, Edgerton offers plenty of opportunities for boating, fishing, and other water activities.
City Facts
- Nickname: “Tobacco City”
- Area: 4.23 square miles
- Population: Approximately 5,500
- Elevation: 850 feet
- Time zone: Central Time (CT)
- ZIP Codes: 53534
- Area code: 608
Transportation
Edgerton is located along Interstate 39/90, providing easy access to Madison, Janesville, and other nearby cities. U.S. Highway 51 runs through the city, offering additional regional connections. The Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport in Janesville serves general aviation, while the nearest major commercial airport is Dane County Regional Airport in Madison, about 30 miles to the north. Edgerton’s location along major highways makes it a convenient place for commuters and travelers.
Famous Landmarks
- Lake Koshkonong: A large lake offering boating, fishing, and recreational opportunities.
- Sterling North House Museum: A museum dedicated to the life and works of author Sterling North.
Evansville
Overview of Geography and History
Evansville is a city located in the western part of Rock County, known for its well-preserved historical architecture and agricultural roots. Founded in 1839, Evansville grew as a farming community, with its rich farmland supporting dairy and crop production. The city’s historic downtown district features Victorian-era buildings that have been carefully restored, reflecting Evansville’s commitment to preserving its heritage. Over the years, Evansville has remained a rural community with a strong emphasis on agriculture and small businesses.
Today, Evansville is a charming small city that blends its agricultural past with modern living. The city is known for its excellent schools, parks, and recreational opportunities, making it a desirable place for families. The community hosts several events throughout the year, including a Fourth of July festival and a popular weekly farmers’ market.
City Facts
- Nickname: “The Grove Community”
- Area: 3.54 square miles
- Population: Approximately 5,000
- Elevation: 889 feet
- Time zone: Central Time (CT)
- ZIP Codes: 53536
- Area code: 608
Transportation
Evansville is located along U.S. Highway 14, which connects the city to Janesville and Madison. The city is about 20 miles from Interstate 39/90, providing additional regional access. General aviation services are available at Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport, while Dane County Regional Airport in Madison offers commercial flights. Evansville’s road network makes it easy for residents and visitors to travel to nearby communities and enjoy the region’s attractions.
Famous Landmarks
- Leonard-Leota Park: A historic park with a lake, playgrounds, and walking trails.
- Evansville Historic District: A collection of Victorian-era buildings in the city’s downtown area.